ABCA2
Xenobiotic resistance
3 Mutations:
Coding,
N
Helicoverpa armigera
cotton bollworm - (species) D
Intraspecific
Mixed
Tay WT; Mahon RJ; Heckel DG ; et al. (2015)
Insect Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry2Ab Is Conferred by Mutations in an ABC Transpo[...]
Aminopeptidase N (APN)
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
Deletion
N
Helicoverpa armigera
cotton bollworm - (species) D
Experimental Evolution
Candidate Gene
Yang Y; Zhu YC; Ottea J ; et al. (2010)
Molecular characterization and RNA interference of three midgut aminopeptidase N isozymes from Bacil[...]
cadherin
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
Unknown
N
Helicoverpa armigera
cotton bollworm - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Xu X; Yu L; Wu Y (2005)
Disruption of a cadherin gene associated with resistance to Cry1Ac {delta}-endotoxin of Bacillus thu[...]
CYP337B3
Xenobiotic resistance
8 Mutations:
Coding,
Complex Change
Helicoverpa armigera
cotton bollworm - (species) D
Intraspecific
Mixed
4 References
Ha_BtR
Xenobiotic resistance
8 Mutations:
Coding,
N
Helicoverpa armigera
cotton bollworm - (species) D
Intraspecific
Mixed
3 References
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Helicoverpa armigera
cotton bollworm - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Head DJ; McCaffery AR; Callaghan A (1998)
Novel mutations in the para-homologous sodium channel gene associated with phenotypic expression of [...]
tetraspanin
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Helicoverpa armigera
cotton bollworm - (species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Jin L; Wang J; Guan F ; et al. (2018)
Dominant point mutation in a tetraspanin gene associated with field-evolved resistance of cotton bol[...]
ABCA2
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
Insertion
N
Trichoplusia ni
cabbage looper - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Yang X; Chen W; Song X ; et al. (2019)
Mutation of ABC transporter ABCA2 confers resistance to Bt toxin Cry2Ab in Trichoplusia ni.
ABCC2
Xenobiotic resistance
Unknown,
Unknown
Trichoplusia ni
cabbage looper - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Baxter SW; Badenes-Pérez FR; Morrison A ; et al. (2011)
Parallel evolution of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin resistance in lepidoptera.
ABCA2
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
Deletion
N
Helicoverpa punctigera
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Tay WT; Mahon RJ; Heckel DG ; et al. (2015)
Insect Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry2Ab Is Conferred by Mutations in an ABC Transpo[...]
cadherin
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
N
Helicoverpa punctigera
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Walsh T; James B; Chakroun M ; et al. (2018)
Isolating, characterising and identifying a Cry1Ac resistance mutation in field populations of Helic[...]
ABCA2
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
Insertion
N
Pectinophora gossypiella
pink bollworm - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Mathew LG; Ponnuraj J; Mallappa B ; et al. (2018)
ABC transporter mis-splicing associated with resistance to Bt toxin Cry2Ab in laboratory- and field-[...]
cadherin
Xenobiotic resistance
7 Mutations:
Coding,
Pectinophora gossypiella
pink bollworm - (species) D
Intraspecific
Mixed
2 References
ABCB1
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
Deletion
N
Chrysomela tremula
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Pauchet Y; Bretschneider A; Augustin S ; et al. (2016)
A P-Glycoprotein Is Linked to Resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa Toxin in a Leaf Beetle[...]
ABCB4
Xenobiotic resistance
Gene Amplification,
Insertion
Aedes aegypti
yellow fever mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Bariami V; Jones CM; Poupardin R ; et al. (2012)
Gene amplification, ABC transporters and cytochrome P450s: unraveling the molecular basis of pyrethr[...]
CYP9J26
Xenobiotic resistance
Gene Amplification,
Insertion
Aedes aegypti
yellow fever mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Bariami V; Jones CM; Poupardin R ; et al. (2012)
Gene amplification, ABC transporters and cytochrome P450s: unraveling the molecular basis of pyrethr[...]
CYP9M6
Xenobiotic resistance
Gene Amplification,
Insertion
Aedes aegypti
yellow fever mosquito - (species) D
Experimental Evolution
Candidate Gene
Kasai S; Komagata O; Itokawa K ; et al. (2014)
Mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in the dengue mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti: target site insens[...]
1 Additional References
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
11 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Aedes aegypti
yellow fever mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
7 References
resistance to dieldrin
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Aedes aegypti
yellow fever mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Thompson M; Shotkoski F; ffrench-Constant R (1993)
Cloning and sequencing of the cyclodiene insecticide resistance gene from the yellow fever mosquito [...]
ABCC2
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
Insertion
Bombyx mori
domestic silkworm - (species) D
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Atsumi S; Miyamoto K; Yamamoto K ; et al. (2012)
Single amino acid mutation in an ATP-binding cassette transporter gene causes resistance to Bt toxin[...]
ABCC2
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
Deletion
N
Heliothis virescens
tobacco budworm - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Gahan LJ; Pauchet Y; Vogel H ; et al. (2010)
An ABC transporter mutation is correlated with insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac to[...]
cadherin
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
Insertion
N
Heliothis virescens
tobacco budworm - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Gahan LJ; Gould F; Heckel DG (2001)
Identification of a gene associated with Bt resistance in Heliothis virescens.
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
3 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Heliothis virescens
tobacco budworm - (species) D
Intraspecific
Mixed
2 References
ABCC2
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
Deletion
N
Plutella xylostella
diamondback moth - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Baxter SW; Badenes-Pérez FR; Morrison A ; et al. (2011)
Parallel evolution of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin resistance in lepidoptera.
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)
Xenobiotic resistance
3 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Plutella xylostella
diamondback moth - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
2 References
Chitin synthase 1 (CHS1)
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Plutella xylostella
diamondback moth - (species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Douris V; Steinbach D; Panteleri R ; et al. (2016)
Resistance mutation conserved between insects and mites unravels the benzoylurea insecticide mode of[...]
CYP6BG1
Xenobiotic resistance
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Plutella xylostella
diamondback moth - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Li X; Shan C; Li F ; et al. (2019)
Transcription factor FTZ-F1 and cis-acting elements mediate expression of CYP6BG1 conferring resista[...]
1 Additional References
FMO2
Xenobiotic resistance
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Plutella xylostella
diamondback moth - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Mallott M; Hamm S; Troczka BJ ; et al. (2019)
A flavin-dependent monooxgenase confers resistance to chlorantraniliprole in the diamondback moth, P[...]
glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl)
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Plutella xylostella
diamondback moth - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Wang X; Wang R; Yang Y ; et al. (2016)
A point mutation in the glutamate-gated chloride channel of Plutella xylostella is associated with r[...]
MAP4K4
Xenobiotic resistance
Unknown,
Unknown
Plutella xylostella
diamondback moth - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Guo Z; Kang S; Chen D ; et al. (2015)
MAPK signaling pathway alters expression of midgut ALP and ABCC genes and causes resistance to Bacil[...]
nAChR
Xenobiotic resistance
3 Mutations:
Coding,
N
Plutella xylostella
diamondback moth - (species) D
Intraspecific
Mixed
3 References
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
6 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Plutella xylostella
diamondback moth - (species)
Intraspecific
Mixed
4 References
resistance to dieldrin
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Plutella xylostella
diamondback moth - (species) D
Experimental Evolution
Candidate Gene
Li A; Yang Y; Wu S ; et al. (2006)
Investigation of resistance mechanisms to fipronil in diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).
1 Additional References
RYR
Xenobiotic resistance
4 Mutations:
Coding,
Plutella xylostella
diamondback moth - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
3 References
ABCC2
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
Deletion
N
Spodoptera exigua
beet armyworm - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Park Y; González-Martínez RM; Navarro-Cerrillo G ; et al. (2014)
ABCC transporters mediate insect resistance to multiple Bt toxins revealed by bulk segregant analysi[...]
CYP321A8
Xenobiotic resistance
Cis-regulatory,
SNP
Spodoptera exigua
beet armyworm - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Hu B; Huang H; Hu S ; et al. (2021)
Changes in both trans- and cis-regulatory elements mediate insecticide resistance in a lepidopteron [...]
CYP9A186
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Spodoptera exigua
beet armyworm - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Zuo Y; Shi Y; Zhang F ; et al. (2021)
Genome mapping coupled with CRISPR gene editing reveals a P450 gene confers avermectin resistance in[...]
GSTe
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Spodoptera exigua
beet armyworm - (species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Hilliou F; Chertemps T; Maïbèche M ; et al. (2021)
Resistance in the Genus Spodoptera: Key Insect Detoxification Genes.
1 Additional References
RYR
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Spodoptera exigua
beet armyworm - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Zuo YY; Ma HH; Lu WJ ; et al. (2020)
Identification of the ryanodine receptor mutation I4743M and its contribution to diamide insecticide[...]
2 Additional References
ABCC2
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
Complex Change
N
Spodoptera frugiperda
fall armyworm - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
2 References
CYP9A
Xenobiotic resistance
Gene Amplification,
Insertion
Spodoptera frugiperda
fall armyworm - (species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Gimenez S; Abdelgaffar H; Goff GL ; et al. (2020)
Adaptation by copy number variation increases insecticide resistance in the fall armyworm.
GSTe
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Spodoptera frugiperda
fall armyworm - (species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Hilliou F; Chertemps T; Maïbèche M ; et al. (2021)
Resistance in the Genus Spodoptera: Key Insect Detoxification Genes.
1 Additional References
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Anopheles albimanus
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Weill M; Malcolm C; Chandre F ; et al. (2004)
The unique mutation in ace-1 giving high insecticide resistance is easily detectable in mosquito vec[...]
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Anopheles albimanus
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Lol JC; Castellanos ME; Liebman KA ; et al. (2013)
Molecular evidence for historical presence of knock-down resistance in Anopheles albimanus, a key ma[...]
1 Additional References
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)
Xenobiotic resistance
4 Mutations:
Anopheles gambiae
African malaria mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
2 References
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
3 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Anopheles gambiae
African malaria mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Mixed
3 References
resistance to dieldrin
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Anopheles gambiae
African malaria mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Du W; Awolola TS; Howell P ; et al. (2005)
Independent mutations in the Rdl locus confer dieldrin resistance to Anopheles gambiae and An. arabi[...]
SAP-2
Xenobiotic resistance
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Anopheles gambiae
African malaria mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Ingham VA; Anthousi A; Douris V ; et al. (2020)
A sensory appendage protein protects malaria vectors from pyrethroids.
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)
Xenobiotic resistance
3 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Culex pipiens
northern house mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
2 References
Cpm1
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
N
Culex pipiens
northern house mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Darboux I; Charles JF; Pauchet Y ; et al. (2007)
Transposon-mediated resistance to Bacillus sphaericus in a field-evolved population of Culex pipiens[...]
esterase A8 and B8
Xenobiotic resistance
Gene Amplification,
Insertion
Culex pipiens
northern house mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Qiao CL; Marquine M; Pasteur N ; et al. (1998)
A new esterase gene amplification involved in OP resistance in Culex pipiens mosquitoes from China.
esterase B4
Xenobiotic resistance
Gene Amplification,
Insertion
Culex pipiens
northern house mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Poirié M; Raymond M; Pasteur N (1992)
Identification of two distinct amplifications of the esterase B locus in Culex pipiens (L.) mosquito[...]
esterase B5
Xenobiotic resistance
Gene Amplification,
Insertion
Culex pipiens
northern house mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Poirié M; Raymond M; Pasteur N (1992)
Identification of two distinct amplifications of the esterase B locus in Culex pipiens (L.) mosquito[...]
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
3 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Culex pipiens
northern house mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
2 References
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Culex tritaeniorhynchus
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Alout H; Berthomieu A; Cui F ; et al. (2007)
Different amino-acid substitutions confer insecticide resistance through acetylcholinesterase 1 inse[...]
1 Additional References
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Culex tritaeniorhynchus
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Nabeshima T; Mori A; Kozaki T ; et al. (2004)
An amino acid substitution attributable to insecticide-insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase in a Ja[...]
1 Additional References
esterase B1
Xenobiotic resistance
Gene Amplification,
Complex Change
Culex tritaeniorhynchus
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Karunaratne SH; Vaughan A; Paton MG ; et al. (1998)
Amplification of a serine esterase gene is involved in insecticide resistance in Sri Lankan Culex tr[...]
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Culex vishnui
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Alout H; Berthomieu A; Cui F ; et al. (2007)
Different amino-acid substitutions confer insecticide resistance through acetylcholinesterase 1 inse[...]
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Chilo suppressalis
striped riceborer - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Jiang X; Qu M; Denholm I ; et al. (2009)
Mutation in acetylcholinesterase1 associated with triazophos resistance in rice stem borer, Chilo su[...]
RYR
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Chilo suppressalis
striped riceborer - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
2 References
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1)
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Cydia pomonella
codling moth - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Cassanelli S; Reyes M; Rault M ; et al. (2006)
Acetylcholinesterase mutation in an insecticide-resistant population of the codling moth Cydia pomon[...]
1 Additional References
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Cydia pomonella
codling moth - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Brun-Barale A; Bouvier JC; Pauron D ; et al. (2005)
Involvement of a sodium channel mutation in pyrethroid resistance in Cydia pomonella L, and developm[...]
1 Additional References
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)
Xenobiotic resistance
5 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Musca domestica
house fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
2 References
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace)
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Musca domestica
house fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Walsh SB; Dolden TA; Moores GD ; et al. (2001)
Identification and characterization of mutations in housefly (Musca domestica) acetylcholinesterase [...]
CYP6D1
Xenobiotic resistance
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Musca domestica
house fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Gao J; Scott JG (2006)
Role of the transcriptional repressor mdGfi-1 in CYP6D1v1-mediated insecticide resistance in the hou[...]
esterase isozyme E7 = E3
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Musca domestica
house fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Claudianos C; Russell RJ; Oakeshott JG (1999)
The same amino acid substitution in orthologous esterases confers organophosphate resistance on the [...]
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
4 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Musca domestica
house fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Mixed
2 References
resistance to dieldrin
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Musca domestica
house fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Thompson M; Steichen JC; ffrench-Constant RH (1993)
Conservation of cyclodiene insecticide resistance-associated mutations in insects.
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)
Xenobiotic resistance
8 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
3 References
alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh)
Xenobiotic resistance
10 Mutations:
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Mixed
8 References
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldh)
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Fry JD; Donlon K; Saweikis M (2008)
A worldwide polymorphism in aldehyde dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster: evidence for selectio[...]
CG11699
Xenobiotic resistance
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Mateo L; Ullastres A; González J (2014)
A transposable element insertion confers xenobiotic resistance in Drosophila.
Cyp12d1
Xenobiotic resistance
Gene Amplification,
Insertion
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Najarro MA; Hackett JL; Smith BR ; et al. (2015)
Identifying Loci Contributing to Natural Variation in Xenobiotic Resistance in Drosophila.
Cyp28d1
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Insertion,
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Mixed
2 References
Cyp28d1-Cyp28d2
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Gene Amplification,
Insertion
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Mixed
Chakraborty M; Emerson JJ; Macdonald SJ ; et al. (2019)
Structural variants exhibit widespread allelic heterogeneity and shape variation in complex traits.
cyp6d2
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Mixed
Thomas AM; Hui C; South A ; et al. (2013)
Common variants of Drosophila melanogaster Cyp6d2 cause camptothecin sensitivity and synergize with [...]
cyp6g1
Xenobiotic resistance
4 Mutations:
Insertion,
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
2 References
glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl)
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Kane NS; Hirschberg B; Qian S ; et al. (2000)
Drug-resistant Drosophila indicate glutamate-gated chloride channels are targets for the antiparasit[...]
GSS (glutathione synthetase)
Xenobiotic resistance
Gene Amplification,
Insertion
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Chakraborty M; Emerson JJ; Macdonald SJ ; et al. (2019)
Structural variants exhibit widespread allelic heterogeneity and shape variation in complex traits.
1 Additional References
GSTE1-E10 cluster
Xenobiotic resistance
Unknown,
Unknown
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Kislukhin G; King EG; Walters KN ; et al. (2013)
The genetic architecture of methotrexate toxicity is similar in Drosophila melanogaster and humans.
kin of irre (kire)
Xenobiotic resistance
Unknown,
Unknown
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Montgomery SL; Vorojeikina D; Huang W ; et al. (2014)
Genome-wide association analysis of tolerance to methylmercury toxicity in Drosophila implicates myo[...]
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
3 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Pittendrigh B; Reenan R; ffrench-Constant RH ; et al. (1997)
Point mutations in the Drosophila sodium channel gene para associated with resistance to DDT and pyr[...]
1 Additional References
PHGPx
Xenobiotic resistance
Unknown,
Unknown
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
King EG; Kislukhin G; Walters KN ; et al. (2014)
Using Drosophila melanogaster to identify chemotherapy toxicity genes.
resistance to dieldrin
Xenobiotic resistance
3 Mutations:
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
3 References
RnrS
Xenobiotic resistance
Unknown,
Unknown
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
King EG; Kislukhin G; Walters KN ; et al. (2014)
Using Drosophila melanogaster to identify chemotherapy toxicity genes.
SOD1
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
Insertion
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Vontas JG; Tsakas SC; Loukas M ; et al. (2001)
Low-activity allele of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) in Drosophila increases paraquat g[...]
Ugt86Dd
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
Deletion
N
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Marriage TN; King EG; Long AD ; et al. (2014)
Fine-mapping nicotine resistance loci in Drosophila using a multiparent advanced generation inter-cr[...]
1 Additional References
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Bactrocera oleae
olive fruit fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Vontas JG; Hejazi MJ; Hawkes NJ ; et al. (2002)
Resistance-associated point mutations of organophosphate insensitive acetylcholinesterase, in the ol[...]
1 Additional References
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace)
Xenobiotic resistance
3 Mutations:
Coding,
Bactrocera oleae
olive fruit fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
2 References
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Haematobia irritans
horn fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Temeyer KB; Li AY; Lohmeyer KH ; et al. (2008)
Acetylcholinesterase mutation in diazinon-resistant Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae).
1 Additional References
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Haematobia irritans
horn fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Guerrero FD; Jamroz RC; Kammlah D ; et al. (1997 Aug-Sep)
Toxicological and molecular characterization of pyrethroid-resistant horn flies, Haematobia irritans[...]
3 Additional References
resistance to dieldrin
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Haematobia irritans
horn fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Domingues LN; Guerrero FD; Becker ME ; et al. (2013)
Discovery of the Rdl mutation in association with a cyclodiene resistant population of horn flies, H[...]
1 Additional References
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Colorado potato beetle - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Zhu KY; Lee SH; Clark JM (1996)
A Point Mutation of Acetylcholinesterase Associated with Azinphosmethyl Resistance and Reduced Fitne[...]
1 Additional References
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace)
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Colorado potato beetle - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Zhu KY; Lee SH; Clark JM (1996)
A Point Mutation of Acetylcholinesterase Associated with Azinphosmethyl Resistance and Reduced Fitne[...]
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
3 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Colorado potato beetle - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Rinkevich FD; Du Y; Dong K (2013)
Diversity and Convergence of Sodium Channel Mutations Involved in Resistance to Pyrethroids.
1 Additional References
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Cochliomyia hominivorax
primary screw-worm - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
da Silva NM; de Carvalho RA; de Azeredo-Espin AM (2011)
Acetylcholinesterase cDNA sequencing and identification of mutations associated with organophosphate[...]
esterase isozyme E3
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Cochliomyia hominivorax
primary screw-worm - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
da Silva NM; de Carvalho RA; de Azeredo-Espin AM (2011)
Acetylcholinesterase cDNA sequencing and identification of mutations associated with organophosphate[...]
2 Additional References
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-2)
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Ceratitis capitata
Mediterranean fruit fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Magaña C; Hernández-Crespo P; Brun-Barale A ; et al. (2008)
Mechanisms of resistance to malathion in the medfly Ceratitis capitata.
1 Additional References
Acetylcholinesterase (Ace)
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Bactrocera dorsalis
oriental fruit fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Hsu JC; Haymer DS; Wu WJ ; et al. (2006)
Mutations in the acetylcholinesterase gene of Bactrocera dorsalis associated with resistance to orga[...]
nAChR
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
Unknown
N
Bactrocera dorsalis
oriental fruit fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Hsu JC; Feng HT; Wu WJ ; et al. (2012)
Truncated transcripts of nicotinic acetylcholine subunit gene Bdα6 are associated with spinosad resi[...]
alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh)
Xenobiotic resistance
4 Mutations:
Drosophila yakuba
(species)
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Loehlin DW; Ames JR; Vaccaro K ; et al. (2019)
A major role for noncoding regulatory mutations in the evolution of enzyme activity.
alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh)
Xenobiotic resistance
4 Mutations:
Drosophila erecta
(species)
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Loehlin DW; Ames JR; Vaccaro K ; et al. (2019)
A major role for noncoding regulatory mutations in the evolution of enzyme activity.
alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh)
Xenobiotic resistance
5 Mutations:
Drosophila virilis
(species) D
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Loehlin DW; Ames JR; Vaccaro K ; et al. (2019)
A major role for noncoding regulatory mutations in the evolution of enzyme activity.
cadherin
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
Ostrinia furnacalis
Asian corn borer - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Jin T; Chang X; Gatehouse AM ; et al. (2014)
Downregulation and mutation of a Cadherin gene associated with Cry1Ac resistance in the Asian Corn B[...]
1 Additional References
Cpm1
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
Deletion
N
Culex quinquefasciatus
southern house mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Guo QY; Cai QX; Yan JP ; et al. (2013)
Single nucleotide deletion of cqm1 gene results in the development of resistance to Bacillus sphaeri[...]
1 Additional References
esterase B1 + esterase A
Xenobiotic resistance
Gene Amplification,
Complex Change
Culex quinquefasciatus
southern house mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Rooker S; Guillemaud T; Bergé J ; et al. (1996)
Coamplification of esterase A and B genes as a single unit in Culex pipiens mosquitoes.
esterase B1 = esterase beta1
Xenobiotic resistance
Gene Amplification,
Complex Change
Culex quinquefasciatus
southern house mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Mouchès C; Pasteur N; Bergé JB ; et al. (1986)
Amplification of an esterase gene is responsible for insecticide resistance in a California Culex mo[...]
3 Additional References
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Culex quinquefasciatus
southern house mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
2 References
resistance to dieldrin
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Culex quinquefasciatus
southern house mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Tantely ML; Tortosa P; Alout H ; et al. (2010)
Insecticide resistance in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes from La Réu[...]
1 Additional References
CYP337B3
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
Insertion
Helicoverpa zea
corn earworm - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Walsh TK; Joussen N; Tian K ; et al. (2018)
Multiple recombination events between two cytochrome P450 loci contribute to global pyrethroid resis[...]
1 Additional References
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
5 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Helicoverpa zea
corn earworm - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Hopkins BW; Pietrantonio PV (2010)
The Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) voltage-gated sodium channel and mutations ass[...]
CYP6AB3
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Depressaria pastinacella
(species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Mao W; Rupasinghe SG; Zangerl AR ; et al. (2007)
Allelic variation in the Depressaria pastinacella CYP6AB3 protein enhances metabolism of plant allel[...]
cyp6g1
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Drosophila simulans
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
2 References
resistance to dieldrin
Xenobiotic resistance
4 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Drosophila simulans
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
2 References
CYP6P9 cluster (CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b)
Xenobiotic resistance
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Anopheles funestus
African malaria mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Riveron JM; Irving H; Ndula M ; et al. (2013)
Directionally selected cytochrome P450 alleles are driving the spread of pyrethroid resistance in th[...]
1 Additional References
CYP6P9; CYP6P4 cluster
Xenobiotic resistance
5 Mutations:
Anopheles funestus
African malaria mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
2 References
GSTe
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Anopheles funestus
African malaria mosquito - (species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
2 References
resistance to dieldrin
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Anopheles funestus
African malaria mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Wondji CS; Dabire RK; Tukur Z ; et al. (2011)
Identification and distribution of a GABA receptor mutation conferring dieldrin resistance in the ma[...]
esterase isozyme E3
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly - (species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
2 References
esterase isozyme E3
Xenobiotic resistance
3 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Lucilia sericata
common green bottle fly - (species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Hartley CJ; Newcomb RD; Russell RJ ; et al. (2006)
Amplification of DNA from preserved specimens shows blowflies were preadapted for the rapid evolutio[...]
GSTe
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Spodoptera litura
(species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Hilliou F; Chertemps T; Maïbèche M ; et al. (2021)
Resistance in the Genus Spodoptera: Key Insect Detoxification Genes.
1 Additional References
GSTe
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Spodoptera littoralis
African cotton leafworm - (species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Hilliou F; Chertemps T; Maïbèche M ; et al. (2021)
Resistance in the Genus Spodoptera: Key Insect Detoxification Genes.
1 Additional References
Na/K-ATPase alpha-subunit
Xenobiotic resistance
4 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Chrysochus auratus
dogbane beetle - (species) D
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Aardema ML; Zhen Y; Andolfatto P (2012)
The evolution of cardenolide-resistant forms of Na⁺,K⁺ -ATPase in Danainae butterflies.
1 Additional References
Na/K-ATPase alpha-subunit
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Rhyssomatus lineaticollis
(species) D
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Zhen Y; Aardema ML; Medina EM ; et al. (2012)
Parallel molecular evolution in an herbivore community.
Na/K-ATPase alpha-subunit
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Tetraopes tetrophthalmus
red milkweed beetle - (species) D
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Zhen Y; Aardema ML; Medina EM ; et al. (2012)
Parallel molecular evolution in an herbivore community.
1 Additional References
Na/K-ATPase alpha-subunit
Xenobiotic resistance
4 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Danaus plexippus
monarch butterfly - (species) D
Danaus erippus
(species) D
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Aardema ML; Zhen Y; Andolfatto P (2012)
The evolution of cardenolide-resistant forms of Na⁺,K⁺ -ATPase in Danainae butterflies.
3 Additional References
Na/K-ATPase alpha-subunit
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Labidomera clivicollis
(species) D
Intergeneric or Higher
Candidate Gene
Dobler S; Dalla S; Wagschal V ; et al. (2012)
Community-wide convergent evolution in insect adaptation to toxic cardenolides by substitutions in t[...]
1 Additional References
Na/K-ATPase alpha-subunit
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Liriomyza asclepiadis
(species) D
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Dobler S; Dalla S; Wagschal V ; et al. (2012)
Community-wide convergent evolution in insect adaptation to toxic cardenolides by substitutions in t[...]
Na/K-ATPase alpha-subunit
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Cycnia tenera
delicate cyncia - (species)
Lerina incarnata
(species)
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Zhen Y; Aardema ML; Medina EM ; et al. (2012)
Parallel molecular evolution in an herbivore community.
1 Additional References
Na/K-ATPase alpha-subunit
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Liriomyza
(genus) D
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Dobler S; Dalla S; Wagschal V ; et al. (2012)
Community-wide convergent evolution in insect adaptation to toxic cardenolides by substitutions in t[...]
1 Additional References
Na/K-ATPase alpha-subunit
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Saucrobotys futilalis
dogbane pyralid moth - (species) D
Intergeneric or Higher
Candidate Gene
Ujvari B; Casewell NR; Sunagar K ; et al. (2015)
Widespread convergence in toxin resistance by predictable molecular evolution.
nAChR
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Tuta absoluta
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Silva WM; Berger M; Bass C ; et al. (2016)
Mutation (G275E) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α6 subunit is associated with high levels o[...]
1 Additional References
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
5 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Tuta absoluta
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
2 References
RYR
Xenobiotic resistance
4 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Tuta absoluta
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
2 References
nAChR
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
Deletion
N
Rhyzopertha dominica
lesser grain borer - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Wang HT; Tsai CL; Chen ME (2018)
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit α6 associated with spinosad resistance in Rhyzopertha domin[...]
Nav1 sodium channel
Xenobiotic resistance
3 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Bombus impatiens
common eastern bumble bee - (species) D
Apis mellifera
honey bee - (species) D
Dufourea novaeangliae
(species) D
Eufriesea mexicana
(species) D
Habropoda laboriosa
(species) D
Melipona quadrifasciata
(species) D
Megachile rotundata
alfalfa leafcutting bee - (species) D
Athalia rosae
coleseed sawfly - (species) D
Intergeneric or Higher
Candidate Gene
Wu S; Nomura Y; Du Y ; et al. (2017)
Molecular basis of selective resistance of the bumblebee BiNa1 sodium channel to tau-fluvalinate.
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
8 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Anopheles sinensis
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
4 References
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Anopheles vagus
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Verhaeghen K; Van Bortel W; Trung HD ; et al. (2010)
Knockdown resistance in Anopheles vagus, An. sinensis, An. paraliae and An. peditaeniatus population[...]
1 Additional References
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Anopheles paraliae
(species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Verhaeghen K; Van Bortel W; Trung HD ; et al. (2010)
Knockdown resistance in Anopheles vagus, An. sinensis, An. paraliae and An. peditaeniatus population[...]
1 Additional References
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
3 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Aedes albopictus
Asian tiger mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
2 References
resistance to dieldrin
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Aedes albopictus
Asian tiger mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Tantely ML; Tortosa P; Alout H ; et al. (2010)
Insecticide resistance in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes from La Réu[...]
1 Additional References
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Phlebotomus argentipes
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Balaska S; Fotakis EA; Chaskopoulou A ; et al. (2021)
Chemical control and insecticide resistance status of sand fly vectors worldwide.
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Liriomyza huidobrensis
pea leafminer - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Davies TG; Field LM; Usherwood PN ; et al. (2007)
DDT, pyrethrins, pyrethroids and insect sodium channels.
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Liriomyza sativae
vegetable leafminer - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Davies TG; Field LM; Usherwood PN ; et al. (2007)
DDT, pyrethrins, pyrethroids and insect sodium channels.
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Sitophilus zeamais
maize weevil - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Araújo RA; Williamson MS; Bass C ; et al. (2011)
Pyrethroid resistance in Sitophilus zeamais is associated with a mutation (T929I) in the voltage-gat[...]
1 Additional References
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Ctenocephalides felis
cat flea - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Bass C; Schroeder I; Turberg A ; et al. (2004)
Identification of mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in the para-type sodium channel of[...]
1 Additional References
resistance to dieldrin
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Ctenocephalides felis
cat flea - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Bass C; Schroeder I; Turberg A ; et al. (2004)
Identification of the Rdl mutation in laboratory and field strains of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides [...]
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Anopheles stephensi
Asian malaria mosquito - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
2 References
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Anopheles subpictus
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Karunaratne SHPP; Hawkes Nicola J; Perera MDB ; et al. (2007
)
Mutated sodium channel genes and elevated monooxygenases are found in pyrethroid resistant populatio[...]
1 Additional References
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Brassicogethes aeneus
(species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Nauen Ralf; Zimmer Christoph T; Andrews Melanie ; et al. (2012
)
Target-site resistance to pyrethroids in European populations of pollen beetle, Meligethes aeneus F.[...]
1 Additional References
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Anopheles arabiensis
(species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Stump AD; Atieli FK; Vulule JM ; et al. (2004)
Dynamics of the pyrethroid knockdown resistance allele in western Kenyan populations of Anopheles ga[...]
1 Additional References
resistance to dieldrin
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Anopheles arabiensis
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Du W; Awolola TS; Howell P ; et al. (2005)
Independent mutations in the Rdl locus confer dieldrin resistance to Anopheles gambiae and An. arabi[...]
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Anopheles culicifacies
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
2 References
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Anopheles sacharovi
(species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
2 References
para (kdr)
Xenobiotic resistance
2 Mutations:
Coding,
SNP
Stomoxys calcitrans
stable fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
2 References
resistance to dieldrin
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Hypothenemus hampei
coffee berry borer - (species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Brun LO; Stuart J; Gaudichon V ; et al. (1995)
Functional haplodiploidy: a mechanism for the spread of insecticide resistance in an important inter[...]
2 Additional References
resistance to dieldrin
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Tribolium castaneum
red flour beetle - (species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Miyazaki M; Matsumura F; Beeman RW (1995)
DNA sequence and site of mutation of the GABA receptor of cyclodiene-resistant red flour beetle, Tri[...]
1 Additional References
resistance to dieldrin
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Oulema oryzae
rice leaf beetle - (species) D
Experimental Evolution
Candidate Gene
Nakao Toshifumi; Naoi Atsuko; Kawahara Nobuyuki ; et al. (2010
)
Mutation of the GABA receptor associated with fipronil resistance in the whitebacked planthopper, So[...]
1 Additional References
resistance to dieldrin
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Diabrotica virgifera
(species) D
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Wang H; Coates BS; Chen H ; et al. (2013)
Role of a γ-aminobutryic acid (GABA) receptor mutation in the evolution and spread of Diabrotica vir[...]
1 Additional References
CHKov1
Pathogen resistance
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
Insertion
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Magwire MM; Bayer F; Webster CL ; et al. (2011)
Successive increases in the resistance of Drosophila to viral infection through a transposon inserti[...]
1 Additional References
CYP6B1
Host plant specialization
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Papilio polyxenes
black swallowtail - (species)
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Li W; Schuler MA; Berenbaum MR (2003)
Diversification of furanocoumarin-metabolizing cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in two papilionids: Sp[...]
CYP6B4
Host plant specialization
Xenobiotic resistance
Coding,
SNP
Papilio glaucus
eastern tiger swallowtail - (species)
Intergeneric or Higher
Candidate Gene
Mao W; Schuler MA; Berenbaum MR (2007)
Cytochrome P450s in Papilio multicaudatus and the transition from oligophagy to polyphagy in the Pap[...]
FMO1
Host plant specialization
Xenobiotic resistance
Gene Amplification,
Complex Change
Tyria jacobaeae
cinnabar moth - (species)
Intergeneric or Higher
Candidate Gene
Sehlmeyer S; Wang L; Langel D ; et al. (2010)
Flavin-dependent monooxygenases as a detoxification mechanism in insects: new insights from the arct[...]